Ezinsukwini nasezinyangeni zakamuva nje sibona ukuthi zingakanani izindaba ezihlobene namasiko noma izingxabano, ezihlobene noma ezungeze ilungelo lobunikazi kanye nodaba lwamalayisense. Namuhla bengifuna ukuqoqa lesi sihloko ngendlela efundisayo ukuze abaningi, ikakhulukazi abasha kulesi sihloko, babe nokubuka konke kwesihloko. Okokuqala, yisho ukuthi wonke umsebenzi unakho impahla ebonakalayo kanye nempahla yengqondo. Endabeni yegalari, umdwebi wayezoba nempahla yengqondo yomsebenzi futhi umnikazi weqoqo uqobo, isibonelo, umnyuziyamu uzoba nempahla ebonakalayo yegalari. Vuliwe icala lencwadi ne-ebook, ubunikazi bokusungula kuvame ukususelwa kumalungelo omsebenzi, okungukuthi, ilungelo lobunikazi, amalungelo okusebenza nawempahla. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi ungaba nombhali nokuthi lo akuyena umnikazi womsebenzi noma umnikazi womsebenzi unamalungelo okuzala kabusha. Kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngiyakuvuma, kepha kulokhu kuhlangana kwemibono nemibono izinkinga eziningi zamanje zencwadi nokuhamba kwemakethe ye-ebook.
Amalayisense Ayini?
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zamalungelo omsebenzi, yasungulwa ifomula yelayisense. Wonke umsebenzi unelayisense futhi ngokuya ngaleyo layisensi umnikazi womsebenzi angenza ezinye izinto noma abanye ngawo. Amalayisense avela kokuvinjelwa kakhulu lapho umnikazi wencwadi angayifunda kuphela kuye kokuvumela kakhulu lapho umnikazi wencwadi angaba yingxenye yokubhalwa kwencwadi. Kulesi sibonisi esincane, ngizokukhombisa amalayisense athandwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswe kakhulu.
- Imininingwane. I ilungelo lobunikazi yilayisense ekhawulela kakhulu futhi cishe ukuphela kwayo kuphela kuze kufike ukufika kwe- ubuchwepheshe obusha. Lolu hlobo lwelayisense lunikeza umnikazi wonke amalungelo emsebenzini, kokubili ukukhiqizwa kwawo, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwawo kanye / noma ukuthengiswa. Yize i-copyright ingasuswa yinoma iyiphi yalezi zimvume, umbhali akanalutho olutheni okumele alwenze uma umsebenzi wakhe unamalungelo obunikazi futhi akayena ophethe leyo layisensi.
- ICopyleft. I Kopisha kwesobunxele yi-quintessence ye- Imininingwane. Uma Imininingwane ilayisense evimbela kakhulu, amadinga Kuyilayisense evulekile kakhulu, kangangokuba ungabamba iqhaza nasemsebenzini, okukhombisa ngokusobala ingxenye yobunikazi bombhali ngamunye. Igama lale layisensi lidalwe lisuselwa egameni lesiNgisi elithi play maqondana nelungelo lobunikazi, «Kwesokudla »/» Kwesobunxele«. Womabili la malayisense angaphezulu kwamalayisense empahla yengqondo, amanye amalayisense ahamba phakathi kwala maphuzu.
- Ilayisense ye-GPL. I-GPL ifushane ngeLayisense Yomphakathi Ejwayelekile, I-Generic Public License, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kugxile emhlabeni wamakhompyutha, owawungowokuqala ukuthuthukisa amalayisense empahla yengqondo, ngaphambi kokuqhamuka okukhulu kwezinkampani zamakhompyutha. Le layisensi ivumela ukukhiqiza kabusha umsebenzi noma ikhodi esimweni sobuchwepheshe bese isatshalaliswa, kepha njalo ngaphansi kwefomula efanayo
futhi ngaphandle kwamalungelo okuhweba,okungukuthi, awukwazi ukukhokhisa ngomsebenzi ongaphansi kwale layisensi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwelayisense ye-GPL kwakuyizinguquko, kepha ngokushesha kwabonakala ukuthi emisebenzini yobuhlakani eyayingeyona eyezobuchwepheshe, yayingenakho ukusekelwa okuningi. - Amalayisense e-Creative Commons. Lawa malayisense amancane kunawo wonke yize enesikhathi sawo. Angamalayisense afana ne-GPL, umahluko wokuthi aguqulelwe kuzo zonke izindawo hhayi kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe, empeleni, azalelwa ukuphendula izikhala ezakhiwe ilayisense le-GPL emibhalweni efana nezincwadi noma i-cinematographic kuyasebenza. Into enhle ngalolu hlobo lwelayisense nokuthi yini eye yavumela ukusabalala kwayo ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele ukuthi iyenzeka ngezifiso. Ungadala eyodwa Ilayisense le-Creative Commons lokho kudinga ukuthi unikeze umsebenzi wakho ilayisense ngaphansi kwelayisense efanayo nokuthi ungasetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kokuhweba noma ungenziwa mahhala ngokuphelele kepha awunakusetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa kokuhweba. Umbhali uyanquma.
- Amalayisense ombuso. Ngaphezu kwamalayisense esiwaphawulile ukuthi lawo akhona noma yikuphi emhlabeni ukwamukela nokuwavimbela, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamalayisense ezizimele kakhulu kunangaphambili, okungukuthi, anqunyelwe ezimweni eziningi endaweni yezwe noma isici esithile. Icala elihle lizoba ilayisense lokugcina elithathwe yiCEDRO ngentengo engiyikhokhayo iNhlangano, singawenza kabusha umsebenzi esiwubonisayo. Kulolu hlobo lwamalayisense ngeke ngande kakhulu ngoba maningi futhi ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe nawo asetshenziswa kancane.
Ukucatshangelwa ngale ndaba
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngizilinganisele ekufakeni ohlwini amalayisense amakhulu futhi ngikutshele okuncane kakhulu ngawo, Kungani? Hhayi-ke, ngoba okuhle okwenzekile Isiko Lamahhala ngukuthi umsebenzi nomlobi ngamunye uvumelaniswa nalokho okulungele wonke umuntu, zombili umbhali uqobo kanye nomfundi wakhe, ekugcineni okuyoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele ayicabangele. Ekupheleni kwendatshana ngikubekele i-ebook ethokozisayo ngale ndaba, yize kwiNet kuningi okubhaliwe ngale ndaba, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi kuyisikhungo sokuphikisana emhlabeni we-ebook nencwadi. Ah, le ndatshana ine-copyright, noma ngabe ungabamba iqhaza kuyo ngokusebenzisa imibono.
[BUYEKEZA 2-12]
Ilayisense ye-GPL ingasetshenziselwa ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo. Okungukuthi, umsebenzi, noma ezimeni eziningi kakhulu lapho ilayisense ye-GPL isetshenziswa khona, uhlelo lwekhompyutha, umbhali noma umsebenzisi angafaka futhi asabalalise umkhiqizo ngokuhweba, inqobo nje uma ihlonipha ilayisense yasekuqaleni. Xolela iphutha nokubonga kubasebenzisi ngokungitshela.
Imininingwane engaphezulu - Iwebhusayithi yokuqala yokusetshenziswa okusemthethweni kwezincwadi ezingaphansi kwelungelo lobunikazi ifika, I-India ibuza i-copyright
Ividiyo - David scene
Ngabe i-GPL ayikuvumeli kanjani ukushaja? Vele ungakwazi, futhi kunemikhiqizo eminingi enamalayisense we-GPL emakethe, ethengisa i-bump bump. Isidingo esikhulu se-GPL ukuthi ukuguqulwa kusatshalaliswe kabusha ngemigomo efanayo (yingakho ibizwa ngelayisensi yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza), kepha ayisho lutho odabeni lwezomnotho.
Yebo, ngizoyibuka bese ngiyilungisa uma lokho. Ngokwazi kwami, intengo abayibeka kwisoftware ye-GPL akuyona eyomkhiqizo kepha ingeyokuxhaswa noma izindlela zokusatshalaliswa. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi bayishintshile noma ngididekile. Ngiyibuka kwilayisense futhi ngizokutshela, ngaphezu kokuyilungisa, kunjalo. Siyabonga ngomnikelo nangokusifunda kwakho. Sanibonani.
Empeleni, i-GPL ilula kakhulu, futhi inezidingo ezi-4 kuphela (lokho okwaziwa njengenkululeko engu-4 eyinikezayo):
- Inkululeko yokuqhuba noma yiluphi uhlelo.
- Inkululeko yokukwazi ukubona ukuthi yenziwa kanjani futhi ukwazi ukuyiguqula
- Inkululeko yokusabalalisa kabusha amakhophi
- Inkululeko yokusabalalisa kabusha ukuguqulwa okwenziwe
Ngokwengeza ukuthi ukwabiwa kabusha kufanele kwenziwe ngemibandela efanayo, okungukuthi, ukunikeza inkululeko efanayo kunoma ngubani omnika yona.
I-GPL yenzelwe izinhlelo, kepha iyasebenza futhi nasemisebenzini yezincwadi, yize kuxaka ngoba ezincwadini akukho mehluko phakathi "kokuyisebenzisa" (okungaba ukuyifunda) nokufinyelela ekutheni yenziwa kanjani (obekungaba futhi ube uyifunda 🙂). Uma kunjalo, inkululeko yokuqala emibili yayizofika isho into efanayo noma engaphansi, kanti abanye bazonikeza ilungelo lokusabalalisa kabusha okwangempela kanye nokuguqulwa. Qaphela ukuthi ayicacisi ukuthi ukwabiwa kabusha kufanele kube mahhala, futhi empeleni ukubakhokhisa kuhambisana ngokuphelele ne-GPL (futhi kuvame ukwenziwa). Okufanele kube khona kungenzeka ukukwenza.
Noma kunjalo, noma ngabe i-GPL isebenza emisebenzini yokubhala, izinto ezikhona njenge-Creative Commons azenzi mqondo omkhulu.
Sawubona Jesu, ngibheke i-GPL futhi uqinisile. Ngangisele enkingeni yakwaDebian futhi ngangicabanga ukuthi inakekelwe kodwa ngibonile ukuthi bayishintshile. Ake ngichaze, lapho ukuphuma kwe-Debian boom (Ubuntu cishe babungekho) abaningi balanda i-CD ye-Debian, bayirekhoda futhi bakhokhisa cishe okufana ne-Windows. Ngokunikwa lokhu, impikiswano yavela ukuthi ngabe isemthethweni noma cha. Kubukeka sengathi ibivunyelwe kepha kulokhu engikubona ilayisense selishintshiwe ukuze lingabi nokuziphatha okubi njengaleli engilivezile. Njengamanje akukwazi ukuthi ngiyiguqule kodwa ngizoyiguqula ngaphambi koMsombuluko. Mayelana nokuthi uthini ngokubhala. Ubunikazi bunelungelo lokuziphatha kanye / noma lokuziphatha ngaphezu kwelisemthethweni, wonke umuntu uyakubona yize bambalwa abakubheka ngokusemthethweni. Umqondo wami ngalesi sihloko bekuwukunikeza umbono ojwayelekile, osemthethweni nowokuziphatha kunokuzama ukukhombisa iqiniso elibuhlungu. Yize bekufanele ngikucacise ngalokhu okushoyo, angicabangi ukuthi kuzuzisa lelo lungelo kakhulu, noma ngabe kufanele lishiye iqiniso. Ngiyaxolisa. Ngiyabonga ngamazwana neminikelo, ngiyayicubungula futhi masisha ngenza ukuguqulwa. Sanibonani.
Ukuze ufaneleke izinto ezimbalwa, ngingasho ukuthi amalayisense we-copyleft awakuphoqi ukuthi uvume ukuthi ubani owabhalwa. Eqinisweni, leyo mfuneko (nokunye okufana nayo) kungaba yisizathu nje sokuthi ilayisense ingathathwa njenge-copyleft kuphela. Isibonelo, okunye okwehlukile kwe-Creative Commons, njengaleyo evimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso, akubhekwa njenge-copyleft ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngoba ibeka imikhawulo eyeqile. Ngamafuphi, imfuneko enkulu yelayisense ukuthi ikopishwe, ngaphandle kokuthi ivulwe (ivumela izinto ukuthi zenziwe, akezi), ukuthi kube "yigciwane", okusho ukuthi, idinga ukuthi ukwabiwa kabusha kwenziwe ngaphansi kwemigomo efanayo .
Lowo onganikeza inkululeko "ephezulu" kungenye ongayifaki, futhi lokho kungaba ngqo indawo yomphakathi. Lapha kunenkululeko ephelele yokwenza noma yini oyifunayo, kokubili ngokuqala nangokusabalalisa kabusha. Uma ufuna, ungathatha incwadi yakudala esivele isesidlangalaleni (isibonelo, uDon Quixote), shintsha igama lomlingiswa, usho ukuthi ungumbhali futhi ulithengise ngama-euro ayikhulu ngekhophi ngalinye. Ngeke wenze imali eningi (noma wenze abangane abaningi), kepha kuzoba semthethweni ngokuphelele.
Ngibeka inkululeko enkulu kumamaki wokucaphuna ngoba kunempikiswano enkulu ngokuthi ngabe indawo yomphakathi inika inkululeko ethe xaxa kunelayisensi yokukopisha, ngoba iyinikeza lowo owenza ukulungiswa, kepha ayisuse kubo bonke abanye abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilayisensi ye-copyleft, yize ivimbela izinto ezithile kumbhali / kumshicileli, iqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi abangahle babe namalungelo afanayo, ukuze, emhlabeni wonke, kuthathwe njengokukhululeka kakhulu.