I-e-Ink: yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nezikrini ze-e-reader

Izikrini zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lwethu lwemihla ngemihla netekhnoloji, kwaye zinokonakalisa amehlo okanye zibangele ukudinwa kwamehlo, phakathi kwezinye iingxaki. Ukuze oku kungenzeki ngelixa usonwabele ukufunda i-eBook yakho oyithandayo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe izikrini ezinobu buchwepheshe sikuxelela ngabo namhlanje. Phakathi kweetekhnoloji ezahlukeneyo zokubonisa ezikhoyo, izikrini ze-e-Ink, okanye i-inki ye-elektroniki, baye bafumana ukuthandwa ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa, baphucula amava omfundi kunye nokwenza kube kufutshane nokufunda ephepheni kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kodwa… uyazi ngenene ukuba ziyintoni na?

Yintoni i-e-Ink okanye i-ePaper?

Inokubizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo, njenge iphepha le-elektroniki okanye i-ePaper, okanye eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inki ye-elektroniki okanye i-ink ye-e. Nokuba ubiza ntoni na, luhlobo lwepaneli yesikrini esibonakalayo esilinganisa inkangeleko ye-inki eqhelekileyo ephepheni. Ngokungafaniyo neziboniso ezisicaba eziqhelekileyo ezikhupha ukukhanya, i-e-paper display ibonisa ukukhanya okujikeleze njengephepha. Oku kunokubenza bakhululeke ngakumbi ukufunda kwaye banikeze i-engile yokujonga ebanzi kuneziboniso ezikhupha ukukhanya. Umlinganiselo wokuthelekisa kwimiboniso ye-elektroniki ekhoyo usondela kuleyo yephephandaba, kwaye iziboniso ezisandula ukwenziwa zingcono kancinane. Isikrini esifanelekileyo se-e-paper sinokufundwa elangeni elithe ngqo ngaphandle kokuba umfanekiso ubonakale uphela, njengoko kwenzeka kwezinye izixhobo ezininzi ezifana neetafile, ii-smartphones, iikhomputha, njl.

Iitekhnoloji ezininzi ze-e-paper gcina umbhalo kunye nemifanekiso engatshintshiyo ngaphandle kombane. Oku kubenza balungele izixhobo eziphathwayo ezixhomekeke kwibhetri, ngoko ke unokwandisa ukuzimela kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki, kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso lulonke lwezixhobo zesixhobo.

Isebenza njani i-Ink okanye i-ePaper

Ayinakwenziwa ngokubanzi malunga ne indlela yokusebenza kwezikrini ze-inki ze-elektroniki, okanye i-e-Ink, kuba zininzi iitekhnoloji kwaye nganye nganye isebenza ngokwahlukileyo, njengoko siza kubona kamva kwicandelo leentlobo. Kodwa umzekelo, Ngokusebenzisa i-electrophoresis xa intsimi yombane isetyenziswe kwi-microcapsule, iinqununu ezihlawulisiweyo zihambela kwi-electrode echaseneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-electrode ephantsi ilungile, amaqhekeza amnyama aya kuhla kwaye amaqhekeza amhlophe aya phezulu.

• Microcapsules: Zenziwe ngezigidi ze-microcapsules, nganye kuzo malunga nobubanzi obufanayo noboya bomntu. I-microcapsule nganye iqulethe iinqununu ezihlawulisiweyo zixhonywe kumanzi acacileyo. Ezi capsules zisasazwa kulo lonke iphaneli okanye isikrini. Ngaphakathi kwe-microcapsule nganye kukho amaqhekeza amhlophe aphethe intlawulo efanelekileyo kunye namaqhekeza amnyama aphethe intlawulo embi. Ukusebenza okulula, zifakwe kwi-polarized ngokwentlawulo yombane ukubonisa umbhalo kunye nomfanekiso, kumnyama namhlophe. Ngale ndlela unokubona ichaphaza elimnyama okanye elimhlophe okanye ipixel...

Enye yeempawu eziphambili ze-e-Ink displays zabo ukuzinza. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa umfanekiso sele wenziwe, akukho mandla afunekayo ukuwugcina. Umfanekiso uya kuhlala kwiscreen naxa umbane ususiwe. Ngenxa yoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezikrini eziqhelekileyo.

Namhlanje, itekhnoloji ihambele phambili, ngoko zikwakhona izikrini zemibala, ehambele phambili ngakumbi, kwaye enokubonisa inkitha yemibala, ukubonisa imifanekiso ephuma ezincwadini, iicomics, njl.

Umlando omncinci

Nangona kunokubonakala kutsha nje, inyani yeyokuba imbali yezi zikrini ibuyela emva kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka, ngakumbi ngeminyaka yoo-1970, xa uNick Sheridon, waseXerox Palo Alto Research Centre, waphuhlisa iphepha lokuqala le-elektroniki elibizwa ngokuba yiGyricon. Esi sixhobo sokuvelisa izinto ezintsha siquka iingqukuva ze-polyethylene ezinokujikeleza ngokukhululekileyo, ukubonisa icala elimhlophe okanye elimnyama ngokuxhomekeke kwi-polarity yombane osetyenzisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela kudala inkangeleko yepikseli emnyama okanye emhlophe elawulwa ngombane.

Ngaphandle koku kwangaphambili, umbono wesikrini samandla asezantsi esilinganisa iphepha alizange lenzeke de kwamashumi eminyaka kamva. Kwakunjalo ingcali yefiziksi uJoseph Jacobson, ngelixa engumfundi we-postdoctoral kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford, ababenomfanekiso wencwadi enamaphepha amaninzi imixholo yayo inokutshintshwa ngokucofa iqhosha kwaye ifuna amandla amancinane ukuze isebenze.

UJacobson waqeshwa nguNeil Gershenfeld kwiMIT Media Lab ngo-1995. Apho, uJacobson waqesha abafundi ababini beMIT, uBarrett Comiskey kunye noJD Albert, ukudala iteknoloji efunekayo yokubonisa. ukwenza umbono wakho ube yinyani.

Ingqwalasela yokuqala yayikukudala iindawo ezincinci ezinesiqingatha esimhlophe kunye nesiqingatha esimnyama, njengeGyricon yeXerox. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yabonakala ilucelomngeni olukhulu. Ngexesha lovavanyo lwakhe, uAlbert wadala ngengozi amacandelo amhlophe ngokupheleleyo. I-Comiskey izame ukulayisha kunye nokufaka la masuntswana amhlophe kwii-microcapsules ezixutywe nedayi emnyama. Isiphumo sasiyinkqubo ye-microcapsules enokuthi isetyenziswe kumphezulu kwaye ihlawuliswe ngokuzimeleyo ukudala imifanekiso emnyama nemhlophe.

En Ngo-1996, iMIT yafaka i-patent yokuqala ye-microencapsulated electrophoretic display. Inzuzo yomboniso we-electrophoretic microencapsulated kunye namandla ayo okuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphathekayo zephepha le-elektroniki yabonwa njengento eyimpumelelo enkulu, ngenjongo yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwizixhobo zokufunda, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yayisemandulo ngeli xesha, kwaye ukuboniswa kombala kolu hlobo kwakungekho.

Ngowe-1997, uAlbert, uComiskey noJacobson, kunye noRuss Wilcox noJerome Rubin, waseka i-E-Ink Corporation, kwiinyanga ezimbini ngaphambi kokuphumelela kuka-Albert noComiskey. Ukusukela ngoko, itekhnoloji ye-e-Ink iqhubekile nokuvela, ukufumana izicelo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuguqula ukusebenzisana kwethu nobuchwepheshe bedijithali…

Le nkampani Inkampani yaseTaiwan eyenza kwaye isasaze izikrini i-electrophoresis, ixhamle kwiintshukumo ezininzi ukuze ibe yeyona ibalaseleyo kwicandelo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2005, uPhilips wathengisa ishishini le-e-paper kwi-Prime View International (PVI), umenzi osekelwe eHsinchu, eTaiwan. Kwi-2008, i-E Ink Corp. yazisa isivumelwano sokuqala esiza kuthengwa yi-PVI nge-$ 215 yezigidi, isixa ekugqibeleni safikelela kwi-$ 450 yezigidi emva kweengxoxo. I-E-Ink yafunyanwa ngokusemthethweni ngoDisemba 24, 2009. Ukuthengwa kwe-PVI kwandise isikali semveliso ye-E-Ink e-paper display. I-PVI yaziqamba ngokutsha i-E Ink Holdings Inc. emva kokuthenga. NgoDisemba i-2012, yafumana i-SiPix, inkampani yokubonisa i-electrophoretic ephikisanayo, ukomeleza ubunkokeli bayo namhlanje.

e-Ink Screen Applications

Ngokuqhubela phambili kunye nokuvuthwa kobu buchwepheshe, iinkampani ezininzi ziye zaqala ukuphuhlisa okanye ukufumana izikrini zolu hlobo kubanikezeli bazo ukuze bazisebenzise kwizicelo ezininzi, nangona abona baziwa kakhulu ngabafundi, inyaniso kukuba kuye kwakho imizamo kwaye izicelo kwamanye amacandelo:

• Izikrini eziguquguqukayo: kuba le teknoloji ihambelana kakuhle neepaneli eziqinileyo kunye nezo zinokugotywa. Umzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ezinye izixhobo zeselfowuni eziguquguqukayo okanye izinto ezinxitywayo, ezinje ngexabiso eliphantsi iMotorola F3, Samsung Alias ​​​​2, YotaPhone, Hisense A5c, esebenzisa i-e-Ink screen endaweni yeLCD, okanye iSeiko's Spectrum. SVRD001, Ingqalutye elibukhali, njl.
• I-eReaders: njengoko sele sichazile, njengalezo esinazo kweli phepha, ezivela kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, i-Sony, i-Kindle, i-Kobo, i-Onyx, njl. Ukongeza, sele kukho zombini izikrini eziqhelekileyo kunye nezikrini zokuchukumisa, kunye nezikrini zombala okanye izikrini ezithintekayo kwiipeni ze-elektroniki.
• Iilaptops kunye neemonitha zePC: Nangona ingaqhelekanga, kukho imifuziselo ekhethekileyo, efana neLenovo ThinkBook Plus, enescreen se-e-Paper. Siphinde sibone iipilisi ezininzi ze-Android ezisebenzisa olu hlobo lwesikrini, ukwenza izixhobo ezi-2-in-1 okanye i-hybrids phakathi kwe-eReader kunye nethebhulethi.
• amaphepha-ndaba e-elektroniki: I-Flemish yemihla ngemihla i-De Tijd ikwasasaze inguqulelo ye-elektroniki yephepha-ndaba lakhe ngohlelo olulinganiselweyo, esebenzisa inguqulelo yokuqala ye-iRex iLiad. Eminye imizekelo yayiza kuza kamva.
• Smart Cards kunye peripherals- Amanye amakhadi ahlakaniphile angasebenzisa olu hlobo lwe-e-ink ebonisa ukusetyenziswa okuphantsi, njengaleyo yenziwa yiNagra ID kunye nophuhliso lwe-Innovative Card Technologies kunye ne-nCryptone. Zazisetyenziselwa ezinye iiperipherals, ezinje ngee-USB pendrives ezinezikrini.
• Iideshibhodi zoluntu: Zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweepaneli ze-elektroniki okanye izikrini ezibonisa ulwazi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, izikhululo zikaloliwe, iipaneli zendlela, iimpawu, njl.
• abanye: Sikwanazo nezinye izinto esinokuzisebenzisa, ezifana neeleyibhile ze-elektroniki ezine-e-Ink screen, iimpahla ezikrelekrele, iikeyboard ezifana nee-Dvorak, imidlalo, njl.

Itekhnoloji yokubonisa iphepha le-elektroniki

Ngokuphathelele ubugcisa obukhoyo, singakwazi yahlula phakathi ezininzi, zombini kwinqanaba elisisiseko kunye nakwiinguqulelo ze-e-Ink Corporation:

Iintlobo zephaneli

Phakathi iintlobo zobugcisa eziye zaphuhliswa ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuphumeza izikrini ze-e-Ink, kufuneka siqaqambise:

• Gyricon: Iphepha le-elektroniki laqala ukuphuhliswa kwi-1970 nguNick Sheridon kwi-Xerox's Palo Alto Research Centre. Iphepha lokuqala le-elektroniki, elibizwa ngokuba yiGyricon, laliquka i-polyethylene spheres phakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-106 micrometers. Ingqukuva nganye lisuntswana likaJanus elenziwe ngeplastiki emnyama echajiwe kakubi kwelinye icala kunye neplastiki emhlophe echajiwe kakuhle kwelinye. Iinkalo zifakwe kwiphepha le-silicone ecacileyo, kunye ne-sphere nganye ixhonywe kwi-bubble yeoli ukuze ijikeleze ngokukhululekile. I-polarity yombane osetyenziswa kwipere nganye yee-electrode imisela ukuba icala elimhlophe okanye elimnyama lijonge phezulu, ngaloo ndlela inika ipixel inkangeleko emhlophe okanye emnyama. Kwi-2007, inkampani yase-Estonian i-Vistoret Displays yayiphuhlisa olu hlobo lokubonisa usebenzisa i-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) njengento yezinto kwiinkalo, iphucula ngokumangalisayo isantya sevidiyo kunye nokunciphisa umbane wokulawula ofunekayo.
• EPD (Electrospheric Display): Umboniso we-electrophoretic wenza imifanekiso ngokucwangcisa kwakhona amasuntswana e-pigment ehlawulweyo kunye nendawo yombane esetyenzisiweyo. Ekuphunyezweni okulula kwe-EPD, iinqununu ze-titanium dioxide malunga ne-micrometer enye ububanzi zihlakazwa kwioli ye-hydrocarbon. Idayi enombala omnyama nayo yongezwa kwioli, kunye ne-surfactants kunye nee-agent zokutshaja ezibangela ukuba iinqununu zithole umrhumo wombane. Lo mxube ubekwe phakathi kweepleyiti ezimbini ezihambisayo ezidityanisiweyo ezihlulwe sisithuba se-10 ukuya kwi-100 ye-micrometer. Xa i-voltage isetyenziswa kwiipleyiti ezimbini, amasuntswana afuduka ngokwe-electrophoretically kwipleyiti ethwele intlawulo echaseneyo neyamasuntswana. Xa amasuntswana abekwe kwicala langaphambili (lokubuka) kwesikrini, umhlophe uvela, kuba ukukhanya kuhlakazeke kubuyele kumbonisi ngamasuntswana e-titanium aphezulu. Xa amasuntswana ebekwe kwicala langasemva kwesikrini, kubonakala kumnyama, kuba ukukhanya kutsalwa yitint yombala. Ukuba i-electrode yangasemva yahlulwe kuluhlu lwezinto ezincinci zomfanekiso (iipikseli), ngoko umfanekiso unokusekwa ngokufaka i-voltage efanelekileyo kwingingqi nganye yesikrini ukwenza ipatheni yemimandla ebonakalisayo kunye nefunxayo. Ii-EPD zidla ngokujongwa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-MOSFET-based thin film transistor (TFT).
• I-Microencapsulated electrophoretic: Ngeminyaka yee-1990, iqela labafundi be-MIT be-undergraduate bakhawula kwaye babonisa uhlobo olutsha lwe-inki ye-elektroniki esekelwe kwi-microencapsulated electrophoretic display, evela kwi-E-Ink Corp kwaye isetyenziswe yi-European Philips. Le teknoloji isebenzisa ii-microcapsules ezizaliswe ngamaqhekeza amhlophe afakwe ngombane axhonywe kwioli enemibala. I-circuit yangaphantsi ilawula ukuba ngaba iinqununu ezimhlophe ziphezulu kwi-capsule (ngoko ibonakala imhlophe kumbukeli) okanye ngaphantsi kwe-capsule (ngoko umbukeli ubona umbala weoli). Le teknoloji ivumele ukuba isikrini senziwe ngamashiti eplastiki athambileyo endaweni yeglasi. Ukuphunyezwa kwamva nje kwale ngcamango kufuna kuphela umaleko we-electrode phantsi kwe-microcapsules.
• Ukuboniswa koMbane (EWD): bubuchwephesha obulawula ubume bamanzi avaliweyo/ujongano lweoyile ngombane osetyenziswayo. Ngaphandle kwamandla ombane, i-oyile (enemibala) yenza ifilimu esicaba phakathi kwamanzi kunye ne-hydrophobic insulating coating ye-electrode, ekhokelela kwipixel enemibala. Ngokusebenzisa i-voltage phakathi kwe-electrode kunye namanzi, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-interfacial phakathi kwamanzi kunye nokutshintsha kwe-coating, ebangela ukuba amanzi asuse i-oyile, edala i-pixel engafihliyo okanye emhlophe ukuba kukho umphezulu omhlophe obonakalisayo phantsi kwendawo eguqukayo. Imiboniso esekwe kwi-Electrowetting ibonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezinomtsalane. Ukutshintsha phakathi kokubonakala okumhlophe kunye nombala kukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukubonisa umxholo wevidiyo. Ngamandla aphantsi, itekhnoloji ye-voltage ephantsi, kwaye iziboniso ezisekelwe kwisiphumo zinokuba zicaba kwaye zincinci. Ukuphonononga kunye nochasaniso zingcono okanye zilingana nezinye iintlobo zemiboniso ebonisayo kwaye ujongane neempawu ezibonakalayo zephepha. Ukongezelela, iteknoloji inikezela ngendlela ekhethekileyo ekukhanyeni okuphezulu, ukuboniswa kombala ogcweleyo, okukhokelela kwimiboniso ephindwe kane ngaphezu kweLCD ezikhanyayo kunye namaxesha amabini ngaphezu kobunye ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izihluzi ezibomvu, eziluhlaza kunye neblue (RGB) okanye amacandelo atshintshanayo emibala emithathu ephambili, ekhokelela kuphela kwisinye kwisithathu somboniso obonisa ukukhanya kumbala ofunekayo, i-electrowetting ivumela inkqubo apho i-pixel encinci. inokutshintsha imibala emibini eyahlukeneyo ngokuzimeleyo. Oku kubangela ukuba isibini kwisithathu sendawo yokubonisa ifumaneke ukubonisa ukukhanya kuwo nawuphi na umbala ofunekayo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokwakha i-pixel ene-stack yeefilimu ze-oyile ezinombala olawulekayo ezimbini kunye nesihluzo sombala. Imibala i-cyan, i-magenta kunye ne-yellow (RGB), eyinkqubo yokukhupha, ehambelana nomgaqo osetyenziswayo kushicilelo lwe-inkjet. Xa kuthelekiswa neLCD, ukukhanya kuzuzwa kuba iipolarizers azifunwa.
• Electrofluidics: luhlobo oluthile lomboniso we-EWD obeka usasazo lwebala elimanzi ngaphakathi kwidama elincinane. Le dipozithi ibandakanya ngaphantsi kwe-5-10% yendawo ye-pixel ebonakalayo kwaye ngenxa yoko i-pigment ifihliwe ngokubonakalayo. I-Voltage isetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-pigment kwi-electromechanically kwi-reservoir kwaye isasaze njengefilimu ngqo emva kwe-substrate yokubonisa. Ngenxa yoko, umboniso ufumana umbala kunye nokukhanya okufana nee-pigments eziqhelekileyo eziprintwe ephepheni. Xa i-voltage isusiwe, ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu wolwelo kubangela ukuba i-pigment dispersion ihlehle ngokukhawuleza kwi-reservoir. Itekhnoloji inokuthi ibonelele ngaphezulu kwe-85% ye-white state reflectance kwi-e-paper. Itekhnoloji engundoqo yayilwa kwiLebhu yeZixhobo zeDyunivesithi yaseCincinnati kwaye kukho iiprototypes ezisebenzayo eziphuhliswe ngentsebenziswano ne-Sun Chemical, iPolymer Vision kunye neGamma Dynamics. Inomda obanzi kwimiba ebalulekileyo njengokukhanya, ukugcwala kombala kunye nexesha lokuphendula. Ngenxa yokuba umaleko obonakalayo osebenzayo unokuba ngaphantsi kwe-15 ye-micrometer ubukhulu, kukho amandla anamandla okuboniswa okuqengqelekayo.
• Imodyuli ye-Interferometric (iMirasol): Imodyuli ye-Interferometric bubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa kwimiboniso ebonakalayo ye-elektroniki enokudala imibala eyahlukeneyo ngokuphazamiseka kokukhanya okubonakalisiweyo. Umbala ukhethwa ngemodyuli yombane etshintshelwa ngombane equka umgodi omncinci ocinywayo nocinywayo kusetyenziswa ii-ICs zolawulo ezifana nezo zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-LCD.
• Umboniso we-elektroniki-plasmonic: iteknoloji esebenzisa i-plasmonic nanostructures kunye neepolymers eziqhubayo. Le teknoloji ibonisa imibala ebanzi, i-polarization-independent reflection (>50%), ukuchasana okunamandla (> 30%), ixesha lokuphendula ngokukhawuleza (amakhulu e-ms), kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide. Ukongezelela, inokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi kakhulu (<0.5 mW/cm2) kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu (> 10000 dpi). Ekubeni i-ultrathin metasurfaces iyaguquguquka kwaye i-polymer ithambile, yonke inkqubo inokugoba. Uphuculo olunqwenelekayo lwexesha elizayo kobu buchwepheshe lubandakanya ukuqina, imathiriyeli efikelelekayo, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngematriki ye-TFT. Kwaye, ukwenza oku, yenziwe ngezinto ezimbini eziphambili okanye iinxalenye:
  • Eyokuqala yimetasurface ebonakalisa kakhulu eyenziwe ngeefilim zesinyithi-insulator-metal amashumi eenanometers angqingqwa aquka imingxunya ye-nanometer-scale. Ezi metasurfaces zinokubonisa imibala eyahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-insulator. Isikimu sombala esiqhelekileyo seRGB sinokusetyenziswa njengeepixels kwiziboniso ezinombala ogcweleyo.
  • Inxalenye yesibini yipolymer ene-optical absorption elawulwa yi-electrochemical potential. Emva kokukhulisa i-polymer kwi-plasmonic metasurfaces, ukubonakaliswa kwe-metasurfaces kunokuguqulwa ngombane osetyenzisiweyo.
• I-LCD ekhanyayo: Bubuchwephesha obufana ne-LCD eqhelekileyo, kodwa indawo yokukhanya ngasemva ithatyathelw' indawo yindawo ekhanyayo.

Kukho obunye ubuchwephesha obuphuhlisiwe okanye obuphuhliswayo, nangona ezi zingentla zezona zibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, abaphandi benza iinzame ezinkulu zokusebenzisa i-organic transistors efakwe kwii-substrates eziguquguqukayo, ukwenza lula ukuboniswa kombala usebenzisa i-optics, njl.

Iinguqulelo ze-e-Ink

Ndihlala ndicebisa ukukhetha ii-e-readers ezinee-Ink screens endaweni ye-LCD screens. Isizathu kukuba i-ink ayidinwa nje kuphela emehlweni akho, kodwa ikunika amava okufunda afana nephepha lokwenyani, ukongeza ekusebenziseni amandla angaphantsi kakhulu kunezikrini zemveli. Xa ukhetha i-e-Ink okanye i-e-paper screen, kufuneka wazi ukuba zikhona iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zetekhnoloji ekhoyo namhlanje enelungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-e-Ink Holdings, efana nale:

• Vizplex: Esi yayisisizukulwana sokuqala se-e-ink displays, esetyenziswa zezinye iimpawu ezidume kakhulu ngo-2007.
• Pearl: Olu phuculo lwaziswa kwiminyaka emithathu kamva kwaye lwasetyenziswa yi-Amazon kuhlobo lwayo, kunye nakwezinye iimodeli ezifana ne-Kobo, i-Onyx kunye ne-Pocketbook.
• UMobius: Iyafana naleyo yangaphambili, kodwa ibandakanya umaleko weplastiki ecacileyo kunye nebhetyebhetye kwiscreen ukuxhathisa ngcono ukothuka. I-Onyx, inkampani yaseTshayina, yayiyenye yabo babesebenzisa esi sikrini.
• I-Triton: Yaziswa okokuqala ngo-2010, nangona inguqulo yesibini ephuculweyo yakhululwa ngo-2013. Le teknoloji yayiquka umbala okokuqala ngqa kwimiboniso ye-inki ye-elektroniki, kunye ne-16 shades yegrey kunye ne-4096 imibala. I-pocketbook yayiyeyokuqala ukuyisebenzisa.
• Ileta kunye neLeta HD: Baye bakhululwa ngo-2013, kwaye kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. I-e-Ink Carta inesisombululo se-768×1024 px, 6″ ngobukhulu kunye nobuninzi bepixel ye-212 ppi. Ngokuphathelele i-e-Ink Carta HD version, inyuka ukuya kwi-1080x1440 isisombululo se-px kunye ne-300 ppi, igcina i-intshi ezi-6. Le fomati ithandwa kakhulu, isetyenziswa yeyona modeli yangoku ye-e-reader.
• Kaleido: Le teknoloji yafika ngo-2019, kunye ne-Plus version ngo-2021 kunye ne-Kaleido 3 version ngo-2022. Ziyimpucuko kwisikrini sombala, ngokusekelwe kwiipaneli ze-grayscale ngokongeza umaleko kunye nesihlungi sombala. Inguqulo ye-Plus iphucule ukuthungwa kunye nombala womfanekiso ocacileyo, kwaye i-Kaleido 3 inikezela ngemibala ecacileyo kakhulu, kunye ne-30% ephezulu yokugcwala kombala kunesizukulwana sangaphambili, amanqanaba e-16 e-grayscale kunye nemibala ye-4096.
• Igalari ye3: Yeyona modeli yamva nje, kwaye isanda kufika ngo-2023, isekwe kwi-ACeP (i-Advanced Color ePaper) ukufezekisa imibala egcweleyo kunye noluhlu olulodwa lwe-electrophoretic fluid elawulwa yi-voltages ehambelana ne-backplanes ye-TFT yorhwebo. Ithekhinoloji ye-e-Ink yombala ephucula ixesha lokuphendula, oko kukuthi, ixesha elithathayo ukutshintsha ukusuka komnye umbala ukuya komnye. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumnyama kwi-350 ms nje, kwaye phakathi kwemibala, kuxhomekeke kumgangatho onokuhamba ukusuka kwi-500 ms ukuya kwi-1500 ms. Ukongeza, beza nesibane sangaphambili seComfortGaze esinciphisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okubonakaliswa kumphezulu wesikrini ukuze ulale ngcono kwaye ungabangeli ubunzima bamehlo.

Ixesha elizayo

I-Plastiki Logic yaseJamani yinkampani (umphuhlisi + wefektri) eyavela njengeprojekthi ejikelezayo yeLebhu yaseCavendish kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Yasekwa ngo-2000 nguRichard Friend, uHenning Sirringhaus kunye noStuart Evans. Inkampani igxile ekuphuhliseni nasekuveliseni izikrini ze-electrophoretic (EPD), esekelwe kwi-organic film transistor (OTFT) iteknoloji, eDresden, eJamani. Enkosi kubo, ulwazi lunokubonakaliswa njengesikrini esiqhelekileyo, kodwa kwiphaneli eguquguqukayo. Ukwenza igalelo elikhulu kwintsimi yezikrini eziguquguqukayo zangoku, kwaye kubonakala ngathi ziya kuba likamva njengoko sibona kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukudibanisa le teknoloji kunye ne-ePaper okanye i-e-Ink kuya kubangela izinto ezifanayo kakhulu ngobunzima kunye nokuguquguquka kumaphepha ephepha, kunye nazo zonke izicelo kunye neenzuzo ...