Kwiintsuku neenyanga zamva nje sibona ukuba zingakanani iindaba ezinxulumene nenkcubeko okanye impikiswano, ezinxulumene okanye ezijikeleze kwilungelo lokushicilela kunye nokukhutshwa kweelayisensi. Namhlanje bendifuna ukuqokelela esi sihloko ngendlela efundisayo ukuze uninzi, ngakumbi abasebatsha kwesi sihloko, babe nesishwankathelo sesihloko. Ukuqala, yithi wonke umsebenzi unawo ipropathi ebonakalayo kunye nepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Kwimeko yegalari, umzobi uya kuba nepropathi enomsebenzi kunye nomnini oqokelelweyo wengqokelela, umzekelo, imyuziyam iya kuba nepropathi ebonakalayo kwigalari. Vula imeko yencwadi kunye ne-ebook, ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda ihlala isekwe kumalungelo omsebenzi, oko kukuthi, amalungelo okushicilela omsebenzi kunye nepropathi. Yiyo loo nto umsebenzi unokuba nombhali kwaye ayinguye umnini womsebenzi okanye umnini womsebenzi onamalungelo okuzala kwakhona. Kukungqubana, ndiyavuma, kodwa kule tangle yamagama kunye nemibono uninzi lweengxaki ezikhoyo zencwadi kunye nokuhamba kwemakethi ye-ebook.
Ziyintoni iilayisensi?
Ukusombulula iingxaki zamalungelo omsebenzi, yaphuhliswa ifomula yokufumana ilayisensi. Wonke umsebenzi unelayisensi kwaye ngokwephepha-mvume umnini womsebenzi unokwenza ezinye izinto okanye abanye ngawo. Uluhlu lweelayisensi lususela kwezona zithintelo kakhulu apho umnini wencwadi anokuyifunda kuphela ukuya kuvumelekile apho umnini wencwadi angayinxalenye yobunini bencwadi. Kolu hlolisiso lincinci, ndiza kukubonisa ezona layisensi zithandwa kakhulu nezisetyenzisiweyo.
- Ilungelo lokushicilela. I copyright lelona layisenisi lithintelayo kwaye phantse ibe kuphela kwento de kufike i- ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Olu hlobo lwephepha-mvume linika umniniwo onke amalungelo emsebenzini, kokubini ukuveliswa kwakhona, kunye nokusasazwa kunye / okanye urhwebo. Nangona ilungelo lokushicilela lingathathwanga nangayiphi na kula maphepha-mvume, umbhali akukho nto ingako anokuyenza ukuba umsebenzi wakhe unamalungelo obunini kwaye akanguye lowo unelayisensi.
- ICopyleft. I ICopyleft ngu quintessence ka Akuvumelekanga. Ukuba Akuvumelekanga lelona layisenisi lithintelayo ikopi Yeyona layisenisi ivulekileyo, kangangokuba ungade uthathe inxaxheba kulo msebenzi, ubonakalise ngokucacileyo icandelo lombhali ngamnye. Igama lale layisenisi lenziwa ukusuka kwigama lesiNgesi lokudlala ngokubhekisele kwilungelo lokushicilela, «Ekunene ekhohlo«. Zombini iilayisensi zezona zinto zigqithisileyo zelayisensi yepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, amanye amaphepha-mvume ahamba phakathi kwala manqaku.
- Ilayisensi ye-GPL. I-GPL imfutshane kwiPhepha mvume loLuntu, Ilayisensi kawonke-wonke, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kugxile kwilizwe lekhompyuter, eyayilelokuqala ukuphuhlisa iilayisensi zepropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, ngaphambi kokugqabhuka okukhulu kweenkampani zekhompyuter. Eli phepha-mvume livumela ukuvelisa kwakhona umsebenzi okanye ikhowudi kwimeko yezobuchwephesha kwaye isasazwe, kodwa ihlala iphantsi kwendlela efanayo
kwaye ngaphandle kwamalungelo orhwebo,Oko kukuthi, awungekhe uhlawulise ngomsebenzi ophantsi kwelayisensi. Ngelo xesha, ukusetyenziswa kwelayisensi ye-GPL yayiyinguqulelo, kodwa kwakhawuleza kwabonwa ukuba kwimisebenzi yezobuchwephesha engenabo ubuchwephesha, ayinankxaso ingako. - Iilayisensi zeCreative Commons. Ezi layisenisi zezona zincinci nangona sele zinexesha labo. Zizilayisensi ezifanayo ne-GPL, umahluko wokuba zilungelelaniswe kuzo zonke iindawo kwaye hayi ezobuchwephesha kuphela, enyanisweni, bazalwa bephendula kwizikhewu ezenziweyo kwilayisensi ye-GPL kwimisebenzi yokubhaliweyo enjengeencwadi okanye i-cinematographic iyasebenza. Eyona nto intle malunga nolu hlobo lwelayisensi kwaye yintoni evumele ukusasazeka kwayo ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela kukuba ziyakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso. Unokwenza enye Ilayisenisi yeCreative Commons Oko kufuna ukuba ugunyazise umsebenzi wakho phantsi kwelayisensi efanayo kwaye unokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa urhwebo okanye ungenziwa simahla ngokupheleleyo kodwa awunakusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa urhwebo. Umbhali ugqiba.
- Iilayisensi zikarhulumente. Ukongeza kwiilayisensi esele siphawule ukuba zezo zikhona naphi na emhlabeni ukuzamkela nokuzithintela, zininzi iintlobo zeelayisensi ezizezobuqu kunezangaphambili, oko kukuthi, zilinganiselwe kuninzi amatyala kumhlaba welizwe okanye umba othile. Ityala elilungileyo liya kuba ilayisenisi yokugqibela ethathwe yiCEDRO ngexabiso endibhatala ngalo umbutho, sinokuvelisa kwakhona umsebenzi esiwubonisayo. Kolu hlobo lweelayisensi andizukunweba ngakumbi kuba zininzi kwaye neendlela zetekhnoloji zikwanokusetyenziswa kancinci.
Ukuqwalaselwa ngalo mbandela
Njengoko ubona, ndizilinganisele kuluhlu lweelayisensi eziphambili kwaye ndikuxelele kakhulu ngazo, Kutheni? Ewe, kuba kulungile ukuba isenzeko se Inkcubeko yasimahla kukuba umsebenzi kunye nombhali ngamnye uhlengahlengiswa kweyona nto ilungele wonke umntu, zombini umbhali ngokwakhe kunye nomfundi wakhe, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ibe yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Ekupheleni kwenqaku ndikubekele i-ebook enomdla ngalo mbandela, nangona kwi-Intanethi kuninzi okubhaliweyo ngalo mbandela, akulolize ukuba liziko lempikiswano kwihlabathi lencwadi kunye nencwadi. Ewe, eli nqaku linamalungelo obunini, nangona ungathatha inxaxheba kuwo ngezimvo.
[UHLAZIYO 2-12]
Ilayisensi ye-GPL ingasetyenziselwa ukuthengisa imveliso. Oko kukuthi, umsebenzi, okanye kwelona nani likhulu lamatyala apho kusetyenziswa khona ilayisensi ye-GPL, inkqubo yekhompyuter, umbhali okanye umsebenzisi unokupakisha kwaye asasaze imveliso, ukuba nje iyayihlonipha ilayisensi yoqobo. Xolela impazamo kwaye ubulele kubasebenzisi ngokundixelela.
Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - Indawo yokuqala yokusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kweempapasho eziphantsi kwelungelo lokushicilela ifika, I-India imibuzo yelungelo lokushicilela
Ividiyo - Indawo kaDavid
I-GPL ayivumeli njani ukutshaja? Ewe unako, kwaye zininzi iimveliso ezinelayisensi ye-GPL kwintengiso, ethengisa i-bump bump. Eyona mfuno iphambili ye-GPL kukuba uhlengahlengiso lusasazwe kwakhona ngendlela efanayo (yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba lilayisensi yentsholongwane), kodwa ayithethi nto malunga nomba wezoqoqosho.
Ewe, ndizakuyijonga kwaye ndiyilungise ukuba kunjalo. Ngokwazi kwam, ixabiso abalibeka kwisoftware ye-GPL ayisiyomveliso kodwa yinkxaso okanye iindlela zokuhambisa. Kodwa bayitshintshile okanye ndibhidekile. Ndiyijonge kwilayisensi kwaye ndiza kukuxelela, ukongeza ekuyilungiseni, kunjalo. Enkosi ngegalelo nangokufunda kwethu. Ukubulisa.
Ngokwenyani, i-GPL ilula kakhulu, kwaye inemfuno ezi-4 kuphela (yintoni eyaziwayo njengenkululeko ezi-4 ezibonelelayo):
Inkululeko yokuqhuba nayiphi na inkqubo.
Inkululeko yokubona ukuba yenziwe njani kwaye ikwazi ukuyiguqula
Inkululeko yokuhambisa kwakhona iikopi
Inkululeko yokuhambisa kwakhona uhlengahlengiso olwenziweyo
Ngokudibanisa ukuba ukwabiwa kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe ngokwemigaqo efanayo, oko kukuthi, ukunika inkululeko efanayo nakubani na omnika yona.
I-GPL yenzelwe iinkqubo, kodwa iyasebenza nakwimisebenzi yoncwadi, nangona iyinto engaqhelekanga ngoba ezincwadini akukho mahluko phakathi "kokuyiphumeza" (enokuyifunda) kunye nokufikelela kwindlela eyenziwe ngayo (funda kwakhona 🙂). Kwimeko apho, inkululeko ezimbini zokuqala zingathetha ngaphezulu okanye ngokuncinci kwinto enye, kwaye abanye baya kunika ilungelo lokusasaza kwakhona eyokuqala kunye nokulungiswa. Qaphela ukuba ayichazi ukuba ulwabiwo-mali kufuneka lube simahla, kwaye ke ukuhlawulisa kuyahambelana ngokugqibeleleyo ne-GPL (kwaye ihlala isenziwa). Into ekufuneka ibekhona kukukwazi ukuyenza.
Ngapha koko, nangona i-GPL isebenza kwimisebenzi yoncwadi, izinto ezikhoyo ezinje ngeCreative Commons azenzi ngqondo ingako.
Molo Yesu, ndijonge iGPL kwaye unyanisile. Ndishiyeke kumdaka weDebian kwaye bendicinga ukuba igcinwe ikho kodwa ndiye ndabona ukuba bayitshintshile. Makhe ndichaze, xa ukuphuma kwe-Debian boom (Ubuntu phantse babungekho) abaninzi bakhuphela i-CD ye-Debian, bayirekhoda kwaye bahlawulisa ngokufana ne-Windows. Ngenxa yoku, impikiswano yavela nokuba yayisemthethweni na okanye hayi. Kubonakala ngathi ivunyelwe kodwa kwinto endiyibonayo ilayisensi iye yahlengahlengiswa ukuze ingabi ngokokuziphatha okubi kwimeko endiyityhilileyo. Okwangoku akunakwenzeka ukuba ndiyiguqule kodwa ndiza kuyiguqula phambi koMvulo. Malunga noku utsho malunga nokubhala. Umbhali ungaphezulu kwelungelo lokuziphatha kunye / okanye nelokuziphatha kunelomthetho, wonke umntu uyakuqonda oko nangona bambalwa abakuthatha ngokusemthethweni. Umbono wam ngeli nqaku yayikukunika umbono oqhelekileyo, osemthethweni kunye nokuziphatha endaweni yokuzama ukubonisa inyani ebukhali. Nangona bekufanele ukuba ndiyichazile le uyikhankanyileyo, andicingi ukuba iyanceda kakhulu, nokuba inyanzelekile ukuba ishiye inyani. Ndiyaxolisa. Enkosi ngezimvo kunye negalelo, ndiyithathela ingqalelo kwaye ngokukhawuleza ndenza uhlengahlengiso. Ukubulisa.
Ukulungela izinto ezimbalwa, ndingathi iilayisensi ze-copyleft azikunyanzeli ukuba uvume ukuba ngubani umbhali. Ngapha koko, le mfuno (kunye nezinye ziyayithanda) inokuba sesona sizathu sokuba ilayisensi ingathathelwa ingqalelo njengecopyleft. Umzekelo, ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-Creative Commons, ezinje ngothintela ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo, ayithathwa njenge-copyleft yeso sizathu, kuba inyanzelisa ukuthintelwa okugqithileyo. Ngamafutshane, eyona nto ifunekayo kwelayisensi ukuba ikhutshelwe ngaphandle, ngaphandle kokuvulwa (ukuvumela ukuba izinto zenziwe, yiza), kukuba ibe "yintsholongwane", oko kukuthi, ifuna ukuba ukwabiwa kwakhona kwenziwe phantsi kwemiqathango efanayo .
Lowo unokunika inkululeko "ephezulu" yenye ongayifakiyo, kwaye iya kuba ngqo kwindawo kawonkewonke. Apha kukho inkululeko epheleleyo yokwenza le nto uyifunayo, kokubini kunye nokwenziwa kwakhona kunye nokwabiwa kwakhona. Ukuba uyafuna, ungathatha iklasi yoncwadi esele ikwindawo yoluntu (uDon Quixote, umzekelo), utshintshe igama lomlinganiswa, yithi ungumbhali kwaye uyithengise nge-100 euros ikopi nganye. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe wenze imali eninzi (okanye wenze izihlobo ezininzi), kodwa kuya kuba semthethweni ngokugqibeleleyo.
Ndibeka inkululeko enkulu kumanqaku locaphulo kuba kukho impikiswano enkulu malunga nokuba ngaba indawo yoluntu inika inkululeko ngaphezulu kwelayisenisi yekopi, kuba iyinika lowo wenza uhlengahlengiso, kodwa alususe kuye wonke umntu. Ngokuchasene noko, ilayisensi yokukopa, nangona ithintela izinto ezithile kumbhali / kumshicileli, iqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi abanokubakho banamalungelo afanayo, ukuze, kwihlabathi liphela, kuthathwe njengokukhululeka.