Iprojekthi kaGutenberg: iincwadi ze-e kummandla woluntu

Ndicinga ukuba uninzi sele umazi, kodwa kwabo bangamaziyo, ndiza kuphawula kancinane: Iprojekthi yeGennberg yenye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu ze Ukuqokelelwa nokusasazwa kweencwadi zommandla woluntu. Isebenze ukususela ngo-1971 ngenjongo yokuqokelela iincwadi zommandla woluntu (ezo zingenalo ilungelo lokushicilela kuba ziphelelwe lixesha okanye ngenxa yokuba zingazange zibe nazo) kwaye zibenze bafumaneke kwelona nani likhulu labasebenzisi.

Okwangoku benza iProjekthi Gutenberg iincwadi ezingaphezu kwama-40.000 XNUMX, uninzi lwazo lungesiNgesi (34.498), kodwa kukwakho inani elipapashiweyo ngesiTshayina (406), isiJamani (932), isiFrentshi (2.144), isiTaliyane (359), iSpanish (343), isiPhuthukezi (539) nezinye iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Esperanto Izimvo eziyi-84.

Uthiywa ngegama likaJohannes Gutenberg, umqambi womatshini oshicilelayo oshukumayo owathi, emva phayaa ngo-1450, waququzelela ukupapashwa kweencwadi "zoshishino". Ukuveliswa komatshini wokushicilela kuvunyelwe Inani elandayo labantu lalifikelela ezincwadini ukuba, kude kube lelo xesha, ibikhona kubantu abambalwa kakhulu kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukusasazeka okukhulu kwenkcubeko (ewe, masingazibaxi, iincwadi zazisezinto "zodidi").

Ukujongana neeprojekthi ezikhoyo zeshishini (ezinje 24Iimpawu, ukunika umzekelo wakutshanje), uthatha njengesalathiso umbono we ukuququzelela ukufikelela simahla kwiincwadi kunye nokusasazwa kwenkcubeko, kwaye elindele ukubakho kokufikelela ngokubanzi kuthungelwano, uMichael Hart uthathe inyathelo lokuqala lokuyilwa kweProjekthi Gutenberg ngokufakwa kwedijithali kweSibhengezo senkululeko saseMelika. Masingayilibali into yokuba, ngo-1971, ukubhalwa kwamanani kwikhompyutha kwakufana nokuchitha ixesha elifanelekileyo ukubethelela ikhibhodi ukuguqula isicatshulwa sibe yifayile yekhompyuter. Ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kwezikena kunye ne-OCR kuququzelelwe kakhulu, njengoko unokucinga, inkqubo yokwandiswa kunye nokudityaniswa kweprojekthi.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

UKobo Aura Uvavanyo olunye

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiProjekthi Gutenberg amawaka amavolontiya abo benza imisebenzi ubuchwephesha, uphononongo kunye nokupapashwa zeencwadi, ngenjongo (njengoko senditshilo) yokwenza inkcubeko ifumaneke kubantu abaninzi kangangoko. Ngale ndlela, nayiphi na incwadi efakwe kwiwebhusayithi yeProjekthi yeGutenberg inokuhanjiswa ngaphandle kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesithintelo ukuba iprojekthi iyagcinwa kwaye umxholo awuguqulwanga nangayiphi na indlela.

Ekuqaleni iincwadi zazifumaneka kuphela kwiifayile ezibhaliweyo kodwa, ngokuvela kokufundwa kwedijithali, ezona fomati zedijithali zaziwayo ziye zaziswa: .epub, .html, .pdf okanye .mobi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza kwiincwadi ezigciniweyo, kukwakho neencwadi ezimanyelwayo, imifanekiso okanye umculo, zihlala ziphantsi kwengcinga enye: "isimahla yelungelo lokushicilela."

Ngale ndlela, kwiwebhusayithi yeProjekthi yeGutenberg sinokufumana ngokusebenzayo Zonke ezakudala zoncwadi: Shakespeare, Molière, Plato, Verne, Dickens, Dante, Cervantes, njl. Into eluncedo kakhulu ngokwembono yemfundo; Ngapha koko, ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo bendinomfundi kunye nonxibelelwano kwiprojekthi ngeyindigcinele uhambo oluninzi kwithala leencwadi loluntu (ukufumanisa oko ICixixote ebebolekisiwe).

Inenjini yokukhangela efanelekileyo kwaye, xa ufumene injini yokukhangela ephezulu, ungasetha izihlungi ngumbhali, isihloko, ulwimi, isifundo, udidi, uhlobo lwefayile, njl. Ukusuka apho, ndicebisa ukuba ujikeleze iwebhu, khangela ababhali okanye iincwadi ezitsala umdla wakho kwaye uzonwabele.

Ngokucacileyo, nabani na oyifunayo angayenza sebenzisana kwiProjekthi Gutenberg ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo ngokwenza ikhowudi ekhompyutheni, ukuphonononga nokulungisa iincwadi (umnikelo olula nawo unokubakho).

Ayisiyiyo kuphela iprojekthi yolu hlobo ekhoyo. Umzekelo, i IThala leLuntu leNzululwazi ethi, njengoko igama layo lisitsho, ijolise kupapasho lwenzululwazi kunye nonyango okanye IMiguel de Cervantes iThala leeNcwadi elililo esivumela ukuba sikwazi ukufikelela ngokukhululekileyo kwinani elifanelekileyo leempapasho zaseSpain naseLatin American.

Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe - 24Iimpawu: iprojekthi yaseSpain kwihlabathi Iincwadi zeencwadi

Imvelaphi Iprojekthi yeGennberg